Are there Venomous Snakes in Virginia?

Are there Venomous Snakes in Virginia?

Yes, Virginia is home to three species of venomous snakes. All three are pit vipers, which means they have heat-sensing pits between their eyes and nostrils, triangular-shaped heads, and vertical (cat-like) pupils.

1. Eastern Copperhead 

• Range: Found throughout the entire state. This is the most common venomous snake in Virginia.

• Identification: Look for a distinct “hourglass” or “Hershey’s Kiss” pattern on their sides. Juveniles often have a bright sulfur-yellow tip on their tail.

• Habitat: They are highly adaptable and can be found in forests, rocky areas, and even suburban woodlots or gardens.

2. Timber Rattlesnake 

• Range: Primarily found in the mountainous regions (Blue Ridge and Appalachians) and a small, isolated population in the southeastern corner (where they are often called “Canebrake” rattlesnakes).

• Identification: They have a solid black tail and a series of dark V-shaped crossbands or chevrons along their back. They are the only snakes in Virginia with a rattle.

• Status: The southeastern “Canebrake” population is listed as a state-endangered species.

3. Northern Cottonmouth 

• Range: Strictly limited to the southeastern part of the state (south and east of Petersburg). They are rarely found in Central or Northern Virginia.

• Identification: Also known as “Water Moccasins,” they are thick-bodied and semi-aquatic. When threatened, they often coil up and open their mouths wide, revealing a startlingly white interior.

• Note: They are frequently confused with the non-venomous Northern Water Snake, which is found statewide.

Comparison of the Three Species

Safety Tip: Most bites occur when people try to handle or kill the snake. If you see one, the best practice is to give it a wide berth and let it move along on its own.